Polymerizable surfactants properties and applications hitenol bc and noigen rn were developed to improve the performance of conventional surfactants in emulsion polymers. Novel anionic maleic surfactants that is, surfmers were synthesized and chemically characterized by nmr. Hydrophobic and bulk polymerizable proteinbased elastomers compatibilized with surfactants. Polymerizable surfactants, whether anionic or nonionic, were for the most part significantly better than non polymerizable surfactants in imparting ft. The surfactants, usually an anionic or a combination of anionic and nonionic surfactant, together with polymerization conditions, determine the particle size. Polymerizable surfactants act in emulsion polymerization both as a surfactant and as a comonomer. New reactive surfactants for emulsion polymerization, part.
The surfactant of choice, benzalkonium chloride bac, has a low melting point and is able to plasticize the protein. Polymeric ionic liquids have shown great potential in numerous application fields, and an easy access to polymerizable monomer is the key to the polymerized ionic liquids. Emulsion polymerization is a useful technique for preparing waterborne latexes used in coatings and inks. Polymerizable surfactants, also known as reactive surfactants bear reactive group that undergoes radical polymerization.
Surfactants product range subheadline foreword sasols leading expertise in supplying surfactants and specialty products is re. Another important driving force for this research is the need for enhanced surfactant. Recently, polymerizable surfactants have been used to minimize surfactant losses by polymerization of the surfactant admicellar structure to help secure it to the solid oxide surface. Preparation of a fluorocarbon polymerizable surfactant and its application in emulsion polymerization of fluorinecontaining acrylate meng zhao 1 id, youhai yu 2, zhewen han 1, id and hui li 1,2, 1 school of materials science and engineering, east china university of science and technology, shanghai 200237, china. Preparation of a fluorocarbon polymerizable surfactant and. Indepth discussions of surfactant structure and chemistry can be found in references 1, 2, 8, 34, 35. Preparation of the polymerizable surfactant wherein x is sulfate may be accomplished by reacting the corresponding non ionic hydroxy endcapped surfactant with chlorosulfonic acid, 100% sulfuric acid or with sulfur trioxide. In this study, adsorption of polymerizable cationic gemini surfactant was used to form polymerized bilayers on silica. Request pdf applications of polymerizable surfactants. Polymerizable surfactants alain guyot recent research in this topic has focussed on the use of polymerizable surfactants surfmers in emulsion and dispersion polymerization. The feasibility of using commercially available anionic polymerizable surfactants latemulpd. Pdf surfactant ionic liquidbased microemulsions for.
In the semibatch emulsion polymerization of butyl acrylate ba, the polymerizable surfactant, sodium dodecyl allyl sulfosuccinate js2, increases the particle surface charge density significantly and, thereby, reduces particle size as small as 90 nm of the latex product. One of the problems of using surfactant modified adsorbents in a surfactant based adsorption process is loss of surfactant because of desorption. A series of new polymerizable non ionic and ionic surfactants surfmers with amides groups on both sides of the cc double bonds have been prepared upon reaction of maleic isoimide carrying a long alkyl chain or a benzyl group with a hydrophilic amine derivative. Surfmers, also known as polymerizable surfactants, surfaceactive monomers, polymerizable emulsifiers, monomeric surfactants, or monomeric emulsifiers, are the largest group of reactive surfactants. Materials and coatings derived from the polymerizable. Polymerizable surfactants for emulsion polymerization dks is accelerating the market development of polymerizable surfactants. Structural fixation of spontaneous vesicles in aqueous mixtures of polymerizable anionic and cationic surfactants shiyong liu, yamaira i. Synthesis of polymerizable anionic surfactants and their emulsion copolymerization with styrene. Synthesis of polymerizable anionic surfactants and their emulsion. The polymerizable monomer is usually synthesized via the quaternization of a corresponding bromide, which.
Characterization of rodlike aggregates generated from a. Chapter 2 critical micelle concentration of surfactant, mixed. The main objective is to actually locate the surfactants at the very surface of the particles, and work has concentrated on the siructure and reactivity of the surfmer, as well as the process best suited to reach the objective. The polymerizable mixtures that further comprise a polar solvent may be used to form the surfactant into a triply periodic multiply continuous lyotropic phase in the presence of the crosslinking agent. Oligoethyleneoxide spacer groups in polymerizable surfactants a. Together, the non ionic noigen series and the anionic hitenol series have overcome major difficulties encountered with conventional surfactants. Oligoethyleneoxide spacer groups in polymerizable surfactants. The purified surfmers were then used in batch emulsion polymerization of styrene in the presence of kps as an initiator. A polymerizable non ionic surfactant from triton x100 proceedings. Surfactants based on imidazolium ionic liquids ils, including polymerizable surfactant ils, have been synthesized and used to stabilize polymerizable microemulsions useful for producing polymer. Pdf novel polymerizable nonionic surfactants surfmers. However, compared with lowmolecularweight surfactants, polymeric surfactants usually have low surface activity due to their high molecular weight.
The non ionic unpolymerizable surfactant and polymerizable surfactant are present at a weight ratio. The polymerizable ionic liquid surfactant, 12acryloyloxyundecyl3methylimidiazloium bromide ilbr was synthesized. Chapter 2 critical micelle concentration of surfactant. Laschewsky institut fur organische chemie, universitat maim, mainz frg abstract. Walker, department of chemical engineering center for complex fluids engineering, carnegie.
These have been widely of some polymerizable nonionic surfactants derived. Kaler center for molecular and engineering thermodynamics, department of chemical engineering, university of delaware, newark, delaware 19716 received august 1, 2003. Structural fixation of spontaneous vesicles in aqueous. Preparation, characterization and use in emulsion polymerization of.
Diverent types of nonionic surfactants can be used as. Tcholakova department of chemical engineering, faculty of chemistry, sofia university, sofia, bulgaria. The main objective is to actually locate the surfactants at the very surface of the particles, and work has concentrated on the structure and reactivity of the surfmer, as well as the process best suited to reach the objective. Tegitol l series surfactants are highperformance, nonionic surfactants for defoaming, wetting and emulsifying. Marlox b grades are tertbutyl endcapped low foaming surfactants for industrial applications.
The structure of the surfactant molecule was characterized by fourier transform infrared, 1 h nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy. Polymerizable surfactants for emulsion polymerizationhp1219. These unique polymerizable surfactants exhibit an exceptionally high degree of incorporation into the finished emulsion polymer, resulting in greatly reduced process foaming and far less residual surfactant levels. Characterization of rodlike aggregates generated from a cationic surfactant and a po lymerizable counterion michael j. Such a material may be used as a non ionic surfactant. Characteristics and typical examples are shown in table 1. Typical solvent based polymer emulsions have experienced severe environmental problems, while. Pdf synthesis of new anionic and cationic polymerizable. Applications of polymerizable surfactants mark summers, julian eastoe school of chemistry, university of bristol, bristol bs8 1ts, uk received 27 march 2002.
Pdf a series of anionic maleic surfactants were synthesized, and their chemical structures were characterized by nmr. Anionic polymerizable surfactants and stabilizers in. Cationic and zwitterionic polymcrizable surfactanrs bearing rri and terraerhylcneglycol spacer groups between the polymerizable moiet y and the surfactant structure were prepared and polymerized. These unique polymerizable surfactants exhibit an exceptionally high degree of incorporation into the finished emulsion polymer, resulting in greatly reduced process foaming and far less residual surfactant levels in effluent streams. Their critical micelle concentrations cmc were determined to be 9. Exercise 9 critical micelle concentration of ionic. Readily biodegradable, tergitol l series surfactants deliver low foam, excellent solvency, chemical stability and reliable formulation performance in a number of fermentation, food processing, metalworking and other applications. Novel anionic polymerizable surfactants were prepared by reacting maleic anhydride with different benzyl alcohols. A series of new polymerizable nonionic and ionic surfactants surfmers with amides groups on both sides of the cc double bonds have been prepared upon reaction of maleic isoimide carrying a long alkyl chain or a benzyl group with a hydrophilic amine derivative. Polymerizable surfactant, hitenol series was introduced to the industry in the 1980s. Disclosed are polymerizable mixtures comprising a functionalized ionic gemini surfactant and a thiolene crosslinking agent.
Their critical micellar concentration cmc was measured with a surface tensiometer. The feasibility of using commercially available anionic polymerizable surfactants latemulpd104 and sipomerpam200 and anionic polymerizable stabilizer sipomercops1 in the batch emulsion. Surfactants classification, features and applications n. Critical micelle concentration of surfactant, mixed surfactant and polymer by different methods at room temperature and its importance abstract critical micelle concentration cmc is the key point for surface chemistry as well as chemist and systematic data collection and daytoday development in this regard is very essential. The requirement of cationic surfactants has increased in recent years, and the. The hydrophobic effect and micelle formation in aqueous solution dilute concentrations of surfactant act much as. Polymerizable surfactants, including cationic, anionic, nonionic, and zwitterionic polymerizable surfactants, can react with monomers in the. The widely used nonionic surfactant pluronic f68 eo78po30eo78, mn8,400 gmol.
Effect of ionic head group on admicelle formation by. Polymerizable surfactants polysurfsurfmers are designed to chemically bind to the polymer main chain of the latex polymer particles. The polymerization reaction takes place in micelles in which the monomer droplet is stabilized by surfactants figure 1. The rate of micellar polymerization of sabs8 or sabs10 was found to be proportional to half an. This brochure gives a comprehensive overview of our global product portfolio. Synthesis of new anionic and cationic polymerizable surfactants for emulsion polymerization of styrene. Polymerizable polymeric surfactants are helpful for the solution of this problem. Effect of ionic head group on admicelle formation by polymerizable surfactants article in journal of surfactants and detergents 124.
Synthsis and properties of polyvinyl acetate emulsion. Specifically, using seven different alkyl methacrylates ranging from methyl to hexadecyl methacrylate and c10e6 as surfactant, vertical sections through the phase prism were determined, from which the phase inversion temperature, the upper and lower critical temperature of the. Recent research in this topic has focussed on the use of polymerizable surfactants surfmers in emulsion and dispersion polymerization. The exclusive use of polymerizable surfactants bound surfactants greatly exceeds the ft characteristics of non polymerizable surfactants free surfactants, allowing less to be used. Several microemulsion polymerizations were carried out, yielding materials that ranged from latexes, which formed. Novel polymerizable nonionic surfactants surfmers corporate with alkenylsuccinic anhydride. Surfactants based on imidazolium ionic liquids ils, including polymerizable surfactant ils, have been synthesized and used to stabilize polymerizable microemulsions useful for producing polymer nanoparticles, gels, and opencell porous materials. A new polymerizable nonionic surfactant with reactive vinyl groups has been synthesized from n. Polymerizable surfactants can have various polymeriz able moieties.
Surfactants classification, features and applications. Reactive surfactants chemistry and applicationspart i. A coating composition is described comprising a polymerizable resin composition, a non ionic unpolymerizable surfactant having an hydrophilic lipophilic balance ranging from 2 to 6, and a polymerizable surfactant. Synthesis of polymerizable anionic surfactants and their. Polymerizable ionic liquids and polymeric ionic liquids. The surfactants are present at a concentration of greater than 10 wt% solids. A series of anionic maleic surfactants were synthesized, and their chemical structures were characterized by nmr. In this study, adsorption of polymerizable cationic gemini. Applications of polymerizable surfactants request pdf. Our products polymerizable surfactants noigen and hitenol are newly developed polymerizable surfactants. Emulsion polymerization polymerizable surfactants are of interest in emulsion polymerization, e. A polymerizable nonionic surfactant from triton x100.
350 1105 147 1204 172 1369 163 677 384 279 213 777 1513 1447 367 1013 972 1510 510 772 1422 1208 858 191 1072 1005 55 805 1017 35 493 122