Synthesis of new anionic and cationic polymerizable surfactants for emulsion polymerization of styrene. Exercise 9 critical micelle concentration of ionic. Structural fixation of spontaneous vesicles in aqueous mixtures of polymerizable anionic and cationic surfactants shiyong liu, yamaira i. Polymerizable ionic liquids and polymeric ionic liquids. Preparation of the polymerizable surfactant wherein x is sulfate may be accomplished by reacting the corresponding non ionic hydroxy endcapped surfactant with chlorosulfonic acid, 100% sulfuric acid or with sulfur trioxide. A coating composition is described comprising a polymerizable resin composition, a non ionic unpolymerizable surfactant having an hydrophilic lipophilic balance ranging from 2 to 6, and a polymerizable surfactant. Synthsis and properties of polyvinyl acetate emulsion. Pdf surfactant ionic liquidbased microemulsions for. Novel anionic maleic surfactants that is, surfmers were synthesized and chemically characterized by nmr.
The hydrophobic effect and micelle formation in aqueous solution dilute concentrations of surfactant act much as. Together, the non ionic noigen series and the anionic hitenol series have overcome major difficulties encountered with conventional surfactants. Tcholakova department of chemical engineering, faculty of chemistry, sofia university, sofia, bulgaria. Polymerizable surfactant, hitenol series was introduced to the industry in the 1980s.
Surfactants classification, features and applications. Polymerizable surfactants for emulsion polymerization dks is accelerating the market development of polymerizable surfactants. Preparation, characterization and use in emulsion polymerization of. The polymerization reaction takes place in micelles in which the monomer droplet is stabilized by surfactants figure 1.
Emulsion polymerization polymerizable surfactants are of interest in emulsion polymerization, e. Indepth discussions of surfactant structure and chemistry can be found in references 1, 2, 8, 34, 35. Tegitol l series surfactants are highperformance, nonionic surfactants for defoaming, wetting and emulsifying. Several microemulsion polymerizations were carried out, yielding materials that ranged from latexes, which formed. The polymerizable ionic liquid surfactant, 12acryloyloxyundecyl3methylimidiazloium bromide ilbr was synthesized. A series of anionic maleic surfactants were synthesized, and their chemical structures were characterized by nmr. The surfactants are present at a concentration of greater than 10 wt% solids. A polymerizable nonionic surfactant from triton x100. The widely used nonionic surfactant pluronic f68 eo78po30eo78, mn8,400 gmol. In this study, adsorption of polymerizable cationic gemini. One of the problems of using surfactant modified adsorbents in a surfactant based adsorption process is loss of surfactant because of desorption. Synthesis of polymerizable anionic surfactants and their emulsion copolymerization with styrene. Preparation of a fluorocarbon polymerizable surfactant and. Applications of polymerizable surfactants request pdf.
Characteristics and typical examples are shown in table 1. Polymerizable surfactants act in emulsion polymerization both as a surfactant and as a comonomer. Polymerizable surfactants for emulsion polymerizationhp1219. Surfactants based on imidazolium ionic liquids ils, including polymerizable surfactant ils, have been synthesized and used to stabilize polymerizable microemulsions useful for producing polymer nanoparticles, gels, and opencell porous materials.
However, compared with lowmolecularweight surfactants, polymeric surfactants usually have low surface activity due to their high molecular weight. Their critical micellar concentration cmc was measured with a surface tensiometer. Oligoethyleneoxide spacer groups in polymerizable surfactants. Cationic and zwitterionic polymcrizable surfactanrs bearing rri and terraerhylcneglycol spacer groups between the polymerizable moiet y and the surfactant structure were prepared and polymerized. The polymerizable mixtures that further comprise a polar solvent may be used to form the surfactant into a triply periodic multiply continuous lyotropic phase in the presence of the crosslinking agent. Surfactants based on imidazolium ionic liquids ils, including polymerizable surfactant ils, have been synthesized and used to stabilize polymerizable microemulsions useful for producing polymer. Polymerizable surfactants can have various polymeriz able moieties. Recent research in this topic has focussed on the use of polymerizable surfactants surfmers in emulsion and dispersion polymerization. Polymeric ionic liquids have shown great potential in numerous application fields, and an easy access to polymerizable monomer is the key to the polymerized ionic liquids. Synthesis of polymerizable anionic surfactants and their. Surfmers, also known as polymerizable surfactants, surfaceactive monomers, polymerizable emulsifiers, monomeric surfactants, or monomeric emulsifiers, are the largest group of reactive surfactants. In this study, adsorption of polymerizable cationic gemini surfactant was used to form polymerized bilayers on silica. Materials and coatings derived from the polymerizable. A series of new polymerizable nonionic and ionic surfactants surfmers with amides groups on both sides of the cc double bonds have been prepared upon reaction of maleic isoimide carrying a long alkyl chain or a benzyl group with a hydrophilic amine derivative.
Diverent types of nonionic surfactants can be used as. The non ionic unpolymerizable surfactant and polymerizable surfactant are present at a weight ratio. Anionic polymerizable surfactants and stabilizers in. This brochure gives a comprehensive overview of our global product portfolio. Characterization of rodlike aggregates generated from a cationic surfactant and a po lymerizable counterion michael j. Polymerizable surfactants alain guyot recent research in this topic has focussed on the use of polymerizable surfactants surfmers in emulsion and dispersion polymerization. Novel polymerizable nonionic surfactants surfmers corporate with alkenylsuccinic anhydride. Surfactants classification, features and applications n. Polymerizable surfactants, whether anionic or nonionic, were for the most part significantly better than non polymerizable surfactants in imparting ft.
Our products polymerizable surfactants noigen and hitenol are newly developed polymerizable surfactants. In the semibatch emulsion polymerization of butyl acrylate ba, the polymerizable surfactant, sodium dodecyl allyl sulfosuccinate js2, increases the particle surface charge density significantly and, thereby, reduces particle size as small as 90 nm of the latex product. The surfactants, usually an anionic or a combination of anionic and nonionic surfactant, together with polymerization conditions, determine the particle size. The main objective is to actually locate the surfactants at the very surface of the particles, and work has concentrated on the structure and reactivity of the surfmer, as well as the process best suited to reach the objective. Laschewsky institut fur organische chemie, universitat maim, mainz frg abstract. Reactive surfactants chemistry and applicationspart i. Disclosed are polymerizable mixtures comprising a functionalized ionic gemini surfactant and a thiolene crosslinking agent. The polymerizable monomer is usually synthesized via the quaternization of a corresponding bromide, which. Polymerizable surfactants, also known as reactive surfactants bear reactive group that undergoes radical polymerization. These unique polymerizable surfactants exhibit an exceptionally high degree of incorporation into the finished emulsion polymer, resulting in greatly reduced process foaming and far less residual surfactant levels. Chapter 2 critical micelle concentration of surfactant, mixed. The purified surfmers were then used in batch emulsion polymerization of styrene in the presence of kps as an initiator. Readily biodegradable, tergitol l series surfactants deliver low foam, excellent solvency, chemical stability and reliable formulation performance in a number of fermentation, food processing, metalworking and other applications. Applications of polymerizable surfactants mark summers, julian eastoe school of chemistry, university of bristol, bristol bs8 1ts, uk received 27 march 2002.
Polymerizable surfactants properties and applications hitenol bc and noigen rn were developed to improve the performance of conventional surfactants in emulsion polymers. The surfactant of choice, benzalkonium chloride bac, has a low melting point and is able to plasticize the protein. Typical solvent based polymer emulsions have experienced severe environmental problems, while. The requirement of cationic surfactants has increased in recent years, and the. Effect of ionic head group on admicelle formation by polymerizable surfactants article in journal of surfactants and detergents 124. Structural fixation of spontaneous vesicles in aqueous.
Surfactants product range subheadline foreword sasols leading expertise in supplying surfactants and specialty products is re. Characterization of rodlike aggregates generated from a. The feasibility of using commercially available anionic polymerizable surfactants latemulpd104 and sipomerpam200 and anionic polymerizable stabilizer sipomercops1 in the batch emulsion. The main objective is to actually locate the surfactants at the very surface of the particles, and work has concentrated on the siructure and reactivity of the surfmer, as well as the process best suited to reach the objective. These unique polymerizable surfactants exhibit an exceptionally high degree of incorporation into the finished emulsion polymer, resulting in greatly reduced process foaming and far less residual surfactant levels in effluent streams. Chapter 2 critical micelle concentration of surfactant. A polymerizable non ionic surfactant from triton x100 proceedings. The exclusive use of polymerizable surfactants bound surfactants greatly exceeds the ft characteristics of non polymerizable surfactants free surfactants, allowing less to be used. Novel anionic polymerizable surfactants were prepared by reacting maleic anhydride with different benzyl alcohols.
Surface enrichment by conventional and polymerizable sulfated. These have been widely of some polymerizable nonionic surfactants derived. Critical micelle concentration of surfactant, mixed surfactant and polymer by different methods at room temperature and its importance abstract critical micelle concentration cmc is the key point for surface chemistry as well as chemist and systematic data collection and daytoday development in this regard is very essential. Recently, polymerizable surfactants have been used to minimize surfactant losses by polymerization of the surfactant admicellar structure to help secure it to the solid oxide surface. New reactive surfactants for emulsion polymerization, part. A series of new polymerizable non ionic and ionic surfactants surfmers with amides groups on both sides of the cc double bonds have been prepared upon reaction of maleic isoimide carrying a long alkyl chain or a benzyl group with a hydrophilic amine derivative. Synthesis of polymerizable anionic surfactants and their emulsion. Polymerizable polymeric surfactants are helpful for the solution of this problem. Another important driving force for this research is the need for enhanced surfactant. Emulsion polymerization is a useful technique for preparing waterborne latexes used in coatings and inks. Kaler center for molecular and engineering thermodynamics, department of chemical engineering, university of delaware, newark, delaware 19716 received august 1, 2003. Pdf synthesis of new anionic and cationic polymerizable. The rate of micellar polymerization of sabs8 or sabs10 was found to be proportional to half an. Effect of ionic head group on admicelle formation by.
The structure of the surfactant molecule was characterized by fourier transform infrared, 1 h nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy. The feasibility of using commercially available anionic polymerizable surfactants latemulpd. Walker, department of chemical engineering center for complex fluids engineering, carnegie. Specifically, using seven different alkyl methacrylates ranging from methyl to hexadecyl methacrylate and c10e6 as surfactant, vertical sections through the phase prism were determined, from which the phase inversion temperature, the upper and lower critical temperature of the. Polymerizable surfactants polysurfsurfmers are designed to chemically bind to the polymer main chain of the latex polymer particles. Their critical micelle concentrations cmc were determined to be 9. Request pdf applications of polymerizable surfactants. Hydrophobic and bulk polymerizable proteinbased elastomers compatibilized with surfactants. Preparation of a fluorocarbon polymerizable surfactant and its application in emulsion polymerization of fluorinecontaining acrylate meng zhao 1 id, youhai yu 2, zhewen han 1, id and hui li 1,2, 1 school of materials science and engineering, east china university of science and technology, shanghai 200237, china. A new polymerizable nonionic surfactant with reactive vinyl groups has been synthesized from n.
Pdf novel polymerizable nonionic surfactants surfmers. Such a material may be used as a non ionic surfactant. Oligoethyleneoxide spacer groups in polymerizable surfactants a. Polymerizable surfactants, including cationic, anionic, nonionic, and zwitterionic polymerizable surfactants, can react with monomers in the.
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